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Vermont has high private well usage, with a significant portion of the state's households relying on private wells for drinking water. The state's geology-primarily crystalline bedrock similar to other New England states-creates specific groundwater conditions.
Vermont has testing requirements for certain real estate transactions. The state requires water testing when property with a private well is sold, making it one of the more proactive states for private well oversight.
Known contaminants of concern in Vermont include arsenic, uranium, and radon-all naturally occurring in the bedrock formations common in New England. Testing is essential to protect your family's health.
Vermont requires water testing for property transactions involving private wells. Sellers must provide buyers with water test results before closing. This requirement helps ensure buyers know about water quality before purchase.
The required testing panel typically includes bacteria, nitrates, and other parameters specified by regulation. Check current Vermont requirements for the specific parameters required.
For new well construction, testing is required before the well can be approved for use. This testing must meet state requirements.
The Vermont Department of Health recommends ongoing annual testing for bacteria and nitrates, plus periodic testing for arsenic and other contaminants, regardless of transaction requirements.
Beyond transaction requirements, the Vermont Department of Health recommends annual testing for bacteria and nitrates. These baseline parameters provide essential safety information.
Arsenic is a significant concern in Vermont groundwater. It occurs naturally in the bedrock formations and can be present at levels exceeding safe drinking water standards. Testing for arsenic is strongly recommended.
Uranium and radon are also naturally occurring contaminants in Vermont's crystalline bedrock-similar to other New England states. Radon in water is released into indoor air when water is used.
Consider testing for: lead (especially with older plumbing), pH (low pH can cause corrosion), and any contaminants identified as concerns for your area.
Required at property sale
Every year
At least once, repeat every 3-5 years
Well water testing costs in Vermont depend on what you're testing for. Basic bacteria and nitrate tests are affordable. Adding arsenic, uranium, radon, or comprehensive panels increases the cost but is important given Vermont's geology.
The Vermont Department of Health Laboratory offers testing services at competitive rates. Private certified labs also serve Vermont well owners. Check with the Health Department for current offerings.
Turnaround time follows typical patterns: bacteria results within a few days (samples are time-sensitive), chemical tests within 5-10 business days.
For real estate transactions, understand the testing requirements early in the process. Allow adequate time for sample collection, analysis, and any follow-up before closing.
Vermont well owners can choose from certified laboratories, the Vermont Department of Health Laboratory, and mail-in test kit providers. For transaction requirements, use labs that meet Vermont standards.
The Vermont Department of Health Laboratory is a key resource. They offer testing services and can advise on what testing is appropriate for your situation.
Given Vermont's bedrock geology, make sure your chosen provider can test for arsenic, uranium, and radon at appropriate detection limits. Not all basic panels include these important parameters.
The Vermont Department of Health provides guidance for private well owners. Using certified labs ensures your results are reliable and meet any requirements.
Quick answers to common questions about testing well water in Vermont, from transaction requirements to New England concerns.